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Testing by Device Type

Ophthalmology

Ophthalmic devices comprise products that are in direct or indirect contact with the eye. Typical devices would be contact lenses, intraocular lenses, relevant containers, instruments and implants used to treat the eye. Products may be of metal or polymer origin or fluid in nature (see viscoelastic device) or may be designed for drug delivery.

The following information applies primarily to contact lenses (CL) and intraocular lenses (IOL). NAMSA Technical Specialists and Scientists are adept at developing non-clinical testing programs for these devices and other ocular products based on international requirements. Department personnel are experienced in contact lens maintenance and lens wear procedures. Board certified veterinary ophthalmic surgeons experienced in implantation in laboratory models are available to perform surgeries.

Standards and Regulation

The manufacturer should review relevant FDA and ISO guidance documents. In general, the available guidance and/or standards address the suggested test categories found in ISO 10993-1.

Each material should be examined on it's own merits. In some cases, prior data may be available from suppliers or in the literature, or there may be efficacy or functionality testing in progress that can be used to satisfy safety requirements. In some cases, suppliers of lens materials have established FDA Device Master Files (MAF) that can be a source of data.

Test Categories

The following test areas should be considered for contact lenses:

Characterization of Materials

  • Thorough Chemical Characterization of all critical components
  • Monomer assay as appropriate

Biocompatibility

  • Cytotoxicity by the MEM Elution or Agar Overlay method
  • Sensitization or Allergenicity study using aqueous and non-aqueous extracts
  • Ocular Irritation screen using aqueous and non-aqueous extracts
  • Acute Systemic toxicity using aqueous and non-aqueous extracts
  • Series of Genotoxicity assays (generally 3)
  • Two-week Implant test in muscle or subcutaneous tissue, with histopathology
  • Three-week Lens Wear study

Optional tests to consider

  • Corneal Lactic Acid determination
  • Preservative Uptake and Release evaluation Mutagenicity (genotoxicity) assays

The following test areas should be considered for contact lens containers:

Characterization of Materials

  • Physical Chemical evaluation in aqueous extract

Biocompatibility

  • Cytotoxicity by MEM elution
  • Ocular irritation using aqueous and non-aqueous extracts

The following test areas should be considered for intraocular lenses:

Characterization of Materials

  • Thorough material characterization as required for implants; Monomer assay as appropriate

Biocompatibility

  • Cytotoxicity using multiple methods (MEM, Agar Overlay /extract, Colony assay)
  • Sensitization study using aqueous and non-aqueous extracts
  • Acute systemic toxicity using aqueous and non-aqueous extracts
  • Intracutaneous Irritation using aqueous and non-aqueous extracts
  • Series of genotoxicity assays (generally 3)
  • Muscle implant tests at various intervals (e.g. 4, 12, 26 weeks)
  • Intraocular implant study (minimum 6 months)

Optional tests to consider

  • YAG laser lens exposure
  • Scanning electron microscopy of explanted lenses

Physical properties to evaluate

  • Color/light transmittance
  • Refractive index
  • Water content
  • Wetting angle
  • Oxygen permeability

The following test areas should be considered for intraocular lens containers:

Characterization of Materials

  • Physical chemical test in aqueous extract

Biocompatibility

  • Cytotoxicity by MEM elution
  • Intraocular irritation test with Balance Salt Solution extract

Physical tests for intraocular lenses

  • Optical testing
  • Imaging quality
  • Spectral transmittance
  • Mechanical tests

Complete Sterility Assurance Program

  • Sterilization validation
  • Environmental monitoring
  • Packaging validation and shelf life testing

This list provides an overview of testing programs for ophthalmic devices. NAMSA Technical Specialists and Scientists will partner with you to develop a unique and cost effective test program as well as minimize your time to market. Contact NAMSA for test availability.

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